Ivenkile yesilwanyana sasekhaya esomisa isanti yesilika
Intshayelelo kwizinto
Isanti ye-silica kunye nesanti ye-quartz ayisiyonto yohlobo olufanayo lwezinto, zombini izinto ziyi-silica njengeyona nto iphambili, kodwa isanti ye-quartz yikristale, ilungiswa ukusuka kwilitye le-quartz, isanti ye-silica ilungiswa ukusuka kwisanti equkethe i-silica kunye negrabile. ukubonakala kwezi zimbini zihluke kakhulu, indlela yokuvelisa ihluke, isizathu sokuba isiTshayina sahlulwe ngepesenti yomxholo kukuba isanti ye-quartz yaseChina kulula ukuyifumana, ngaphezu koko, umxholo wesanti ye-quartz yaseChina uphezulu kune-silica yaseChina. Isiqulatho sesanti, ke ilizwe lethu ngempazamo labizwa ngokuba yisanti yequartz ekwabizwa ngokuba yisanti ye-silica, okanye isanti yesilika ekwabizwa ngokuba yisanti yequartz, Yeyona nto iphambili yokwenza iglasi.Isanti ye-silica inesanti ye-silica eqhelekileyo, isanti ye-silica esulungekileyo kunye nesanti ye-silica ecocekileyo.Umxholo we-silica kwisanti ye-silica eqhelekileyo iphakathi kwe-90% kunye ne-99%, kwaye umxholo we-iron oxide ungaphantsi kwe-0.02%;Umxholo we-silica kwisanti ye-silica ecocekileyo iphakathi kwe-99% kunye ne-99.5%, kwaye umxholo we-iron oxide ungaphantsi kwe-0.015%;Umxholo we-silica kwisanti ye-quartz ecocekileyo iphakathi kwe-99.5% kunye ne-99.9%, kwaye umxholo we-iron oxide ungaphantsi kwe-0.001%.Isanti ye-silica enobunyulu obuphezulu inobisi olumhlophe, xa umxholo wokungcola ungaphezulu, isanti ye-silica iya kubonakala i-brownish-red, i-brown brown kunye neminye imibala, indawo yokunyibilika kwesanti ye-silica malunga ne-1750 °C, ubungakanani bamasuntswana buphakathi kwe-0.02mm ~ I-3.35mm, engaxutywanga kwi-acids ngaphandle kwe-hydrofluoric acid, kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali ezilungileyo, ukugquma kombane, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kunye nezinye iimpawu.Uninzi lwamazwe avelisa iiglasi ezinkulu zehlabathi, njengeSoviet Union, iUnited States, iBelgium kunye namanye amazwe, asebenzisa isanti yendalo yesilika.Umgangatho wesanti ye-silica yendalo e-China umbi kakhulu, kwaye isanti ye-silica ecutshungulwa yi-quartz sandstone isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengemathiriyeli ekrwada yeglasi.
Njengomathiriyeli ekrwada engundoqo we-silicon, i-silica idlala indima engenakuthathelwa indawo kunye nebalulekileyo esisiseko kwimveliso kunye nonikezelo lwezixhobo ze-silicon.Ineempawu ezizodwa zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, ukuze ibambe indawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwinqwelomoya, i-aerospace, i-elektroniki, oomatshini kunye neshishini lanamhlanje eliphuhla ngokukhawuleza le-IT, ngakumbi ubume bemolekyuli yangaphakathi, ubume bekristale kunye nomthetho wokutshintsha kwelatisi, ukuze ube nobushushu obuphezulu. ukumelana, i-coefficient encinci yokwandisa i-thermal, ukugquma okuphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukubola, i-piezoelectric effect, i-resonance effect kunye neempawu zayo zamehlo ezikhethekileyo, okwenza ukuba idlale indima ebalulekileyo kwiimveliso ezininzi zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, njengemveliso yetekhnoloji engundoqo yoshishino lwe-IT iitshiphusi, iifibers zamehlo, iiresonators kwishishini le-electronics, imithombo emitsha yokukhanya kombane, izinto zokutywina ezigqunywe phezulu, izixhobo ze-aerospace, iimveliso zobuchwepheshe bomkhosi, iiglasi ezikhethekileyo zamehlo, izixhobo zokuhlalutya imichiza, njl., azinakwahlulwa kwezi zixhobo zisisiseko.
Isanti yesilika
Isanti ye-silica yendalo yohlulwe ibe yintlabathi ehlanjiweyo, isanti ekhutshiweyo, isanti ekhethiweyo (i-flotation) njl. imathiriyeli ekrwada yokuveliswa kweglasi edadayo.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesanti ye-silica zezi: 1-2mm, 2-4mm, 4-8mm, 8-16mm, 16-32mm, 10-20 mesh, 20-40 mesh, 40-80 mesh, 100-120 mesh, 200 mesh, I-325 mesh, SiO2≥99-99.5% Fe2O3≤0.02-0.015%.
Iindawo zesicelo
Isanti ye-silica sisixhobo esibalulekileyo se-industrial mineral raw material, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiglasi, ukuphosa, i-ceramics kunye ne-refractories, i-metallurgy, ukwakhiwa, imboni yeekhemikhali, iiplastiki, irabha, i-abrasives kunye namanye amashishini.
1. Iglasi: iglasi ecaba, iglasi edadayo, iimveliso zeglasi (iingqayi zeglasi, iibhotile zeglasi, iityhubhu zeglasi, njl.njl.), iglasi yokukhanya, ifayibha yeglasi, izixhobo zeglasi, iglasi eqhubayo, ilaphu leglasi kunye neglasi ekhethekileyo ye-anti-ray zezona ziluhlaza. izixhobo
2. I-Ceramics kunye nezixhobo ezichasayo: i-blanks kunye ne-glazes ye-porcelain, izitena ze-silicon eziphezulu ze-kilns, izitena eziqhelekileyo ze-silicon kunye nezinto eziluhlaza ze-silicon carbide.
3. Isinyithi: imathiriyeli ekrwada okanye izongezo kunye nokuqukuqela kwesinyithi sesilicon, ingxubevange yeferrosilicon kunye nesilicon aluminiyam ingxubevange.
4. Ulwakhiwo: ikhonkrithi, izinto zesamente, izinto zokwakha zendlela, ilitye lebhastile elenziweyo, izixhobo zokuhlola ipropathi ebonakalayo yesamente (okt isanti esemgangathweni yesamente), njl. njl. , i-amorphous silica powder
6. Oomatshini: ezona zixhobo ziphambili zokugalela isanti, izinto zokugaya (i-sandblasting, iphepha lokusila elinzima, i-sandpaper, ilaphu le-emery, njl.
7. I-Electronics: isinyithi se-silicon ecocekileyo, i-fiber optical yokunxibelelana, njl
8. Irabha, iplastiki: isigcwalisi (inokuphucula ukuxhathisa ukunxiba)
9. I-Coating: i-filler (inokuphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-asidi yengubo)
10. I-Aviation, i-aerospace: i-intrinsic ye-molecular chain structure, i-crystal shape kunye ne-lattice change law, kwaye inokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, i-coefficient yokwandisa i-thermal encinci, ukumelana ne-corrosion, i-insulation ephezulu, i-piezoelectric effect, i-resonance effect kunye neempawu zayo ezizodwa zokukhanya.
Izicelo zamashishini
1. Ukusetyenziswa kwiglasi: ngokomxholo wesanti ye-silica, ukucoceka kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali zeglasi, isanti ye-silica inokwenziwa ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeglasi, njengeglasi eqhelekileyo ye-silica ye-soda-lime, iglasi yombala enombala, iglasi ye-optical enokuthi ifakwe kwiglasi. tshintsha isalathiso sokukhanya, iglasi ekhethekileyo enemisebenzi ekhethekileyo, iglasi yokufakelwa kwe-thermal, iglasi yokucoca, iglasi eqhubayo, kunye nezixhobo zeglasi ezenziwe ngeglasi, izixhobo zemihla ngemihla, ezinjengeeglasi, iiglasi, ii-oven microwave turntables, izikrini zefowuni eziphathwayo, njl. .
I-2, ekusetyenzisweni kweeseramics: ubumhlophe be-ceramics bunempembelelo ebaluleke kakhulu kumgangatho we-ceramics, ukuze uphucule ubumhlophe bayo, unokongeza isanti ye-silica kwizinto eziluhlaza ze-ceramic, kwaye emva kokongeza isanti ye-silica, unako Kwakhona ukunciphisa ixesha lokumisa lomzimba oluhlaza we-ceramic, ugweme ukuqhekeka okubangelwa ukomisa kancinci, kwangaxeshanye, emva kokongeza isanti ye-silica, i-surface peeling phenomenon ye-ceramic iya kunyamalala, ngoko ke ukongezwa kwesanti ye-silica kuphucula kakhulu umgangatho weeseramics. .Ukongeza kokusetyenziswa kwesanti ye-silica kwi-ceramics, isanti ye-silica nayo inokucolwa ngokucokisekileyo ukwenza isanti ye-silica ibe ngumgubo, esetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwe-enamel, kwaye ukulungiswa kwe-enamel kuneemfuno eziphezulu zokucoceka kwesanti ye-silica.
3.Isicelo ekubunjweni: isanti ye-silica ineempawu ezikhethekileyo kwifiziksi, njengokumelana nokothuka kwe-thermal, ukuqina kunye nezinye iimpawu, ngoko ke inezicelo ezinkulu ekugalweni kwee-mold cores kunye nokubumba.Xa usenza ii-ceramics, iimfuno zokuqulunqwa kweekhemikhali zesanti ye-silica ziphezulu, kodwa ukuphosa kuneemfuno eziphezulu zeempawu ezibonakalayo zesanti ye-silica, njengobungakanani besuntswana kunye nokumila kweesuntswana zesanti ye-silica.
4. Ukusetyenziswa kwi-aerospace: Ngenxa yokuba isanti ye-silica inefuthe elihle le-piezoelectric, i-insulation ephezulu, ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye nezinye iimpawu, ayifumaneki kwezinye izinto, ngoko ke inezicelo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwi-aviation kunye ne-aerospace.
5, izicelo zokwakha: isanti ye-silica ekwakhiweni kwesicelo yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo, njengokwakhiwa kwezindlu kunye neendlela, kwisamente, ikhonkrithi yokongeza umlinganiselo othile wesanti, unokwenza udonga, indlela yomelele ngakumbi, ukuthintela ukubonakala kweentanda, isanti ye-silica esetyenziswa kwisakhiwo, kukho iimfuno ezithile zobungakanani besuntswana, njengolwakhiwo lwezindlu, isanti ye-silica exutywe nesamente phambi kokuba ikhusi lesanti lifane, ngoko kukho iimfuno ezithile zeempawu ezibonakalayo. yesanti yesilika.
6.Ezinye izicelo: Ukongeza ekufakweni kwesanti ye-silica kwiglasi, i-ceramics, i-casting, ulwakhiwo, njl., kukho ezinye izinto ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nokusetyenziswa njengezinto ezinqabileyo ezifana ne-sandpaper kunye ne-gauze;Ukongeza isanti ye-silica kwiiplastiki kunokuphucula ukumelana nokunxiba kweeplastiki;I-quartz photofibers eyenziwe nge-silica yi-skeleton yolwazi oluphezulu;i-quartz cuvettes, i-quartz crucibles, njl. ezisetyenziswa kwiibhubhoratri;Imihlobiso ye-agate eyenziwe kwi-agates enemigangatho enemibala okanye amakhonkco kwi-quartz.
Usetyenziso kwinkalo yokusingqongileyo
Olunye usebenziso olubalulekileyo lwesanti ye-silica yinto yokucoca kunye netanki yokucoca ukucocwa kwamanzi.Ngophuhliso loqoqosho lwaseTshayina, iifektri ezahlukeneyo ziyaqhubeka nokuvela, kwaye ingxaki yongcoliseko lwamanzi iyaqhubeka nokuvela: amanzi amdaka aphuma kwimizi-mveliso alahlwa ngaphandle kwesizathu, inkunkuma yasezidolophini ifunjwa emlanjeni, kwaye izibulala-zinambuzane ezifafazwe kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni zingena emlanjeni ngamanzi emvula. njl., okukhokelela kwizinto ezininzi eziyingozi emanzini, kwaye abantu abanakusela la manzi angcoliseke kakhulu.Amanye amanzi amdaka aseTshayina akhutshelwa ngqo emlanjeni ngaphandle konyango, kwaye amanye amanzi amdaka acocwayo akhutshelwa ngqo emlanjeni ukuba awahambelani nomgangatho wesizwe, kwaye umthamo wonyango lwelindle uphantsi kakhulu.Ukuphendula kule meko, i-China iye yenze izifundo ezininzi, kunye ne-nanomaterials ezahlukahlukeneyo, izinto zekhabhoni ezinama-porous, njl njl. ezinokubhengeza i-ion zetsimbi ezinobungozi kunye ne-organic matter kumanzi amdaka ziye zafundwa ngokuqhubekayo.Ukusetyenziswa kwee-adsorbents eziqinileyo ukususa i-ion ezinobungozi kumanzi amdaka yindlela ebalulekileyo yokucoca amanzi amdaka, kodwa ukuvuselelwa kwee-adsorbents ezisetyenzisiweyo kube yingxaki.Ngaphezu koko, ii-adsorbents ezineziphumo ezilungileyo ziyabiza kwaye azikwazi ukusetyenziswa jikelele kubomi bemihla ngemihla.Isanti ye-silica isasazwa ngokubanzi kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi, kwaye uphononongo lwee-adsorbents ngesanti ye-silica njengeyona nto iphambili ibonelela ngesiseko sokusombulula ingxaki yongcoliseko lwamanzi.Ke ngoko, ukusebenzisa isanti ye-silica njengemathiriyeli ekrwada ukufunda imeko yomphezulu wayo, ukusebenza kwe-adsorption kunye nezinye iipropathi zibaluleke kakhulu ekunyangeni ukungcoliseka kwamanzi kunye nokuphucula okusingqongileyo.