Ixabiso eliphezulu lemveliso ye-bentonite

Imithombo ye-bentonite yaseTshayina ityebile kakhulu, igubungela amaphondo angama-26 kunye nezixeko, kwaye oovimba ngowokuqala emhlabeni.Okwangoku, i-bentonite yaseChina iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuye kwafikelela kumasimi angama-24, kunye nemveliso yonyaka ngaphezu kweetoni ze-3.1 yezigidi.Kodwa maninzi kakhulu amanqanaba aphantsi, kwaye angaphantsi kwe-7% yeemveliso zodidi oluphezulu.Ngoko ke, ukuphuhliswa kweemveliso eziphezulu zexabiso elongezelelweyo yinto ephambili.Ukuphuhlisa ngamandla iimveliso ze-bentonite zexabiso eliphezulu zinokufumana inzuzo ephezulu, kwaye ugweme ukuchithwa kwemithombo, okwangoku, i-bentonite ineendidi ezi-4 kuphela zexabiso eliphezulu elongezelelweyo, ekufuneka lihlawulwe ingqalelo.

1. IMontmorillonite

Kuphela yi-montmorillonite ecocekileyo enokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo iipropathi zayo ezintle.

I-Montmorillonite inokuhlanjululwa kwi-bentonite yendalo ehlangabezana neemeko ezithile, kwaye i-montmorillonite isetyenziswe kwiindawo eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe ezifana neyeza kunye nokutya njengeentlobo ezizimeleyo ngaphaya kwe-bentonite.

Inkcazo yaseTshayina yeemveliso ze-montmorillonite ayifani, ehlala ibangela ukungaqondakali kweemveliso ze-montmorillonite.Okwangoku, kukho iinkcazo ezimbini zeemveliso ze-montmorillonite, enye inkcazo yeemveliso ze-montmorillonite kumashishini amaminerali angenayo i-metallic: umxholo we-montmorillonite omkhulu kune-80% kwi-dongwe ore ibizwa ngokuba yi-montmorillonite, njenge-montmorillonite desiccant, njl., umxholo wayo wemveliso ubukhulu becala ngokobunjani ngokomlinganiselo ngokweendlela ezifana nokufunxa eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwaye ibakala aliyonto ingaphezulu kobunyulu obuphezulu be-bentonite;Enye inkcazo ye-montmorillonite kwinkalo yophando lwezenzululwazi kunye nophando, kwaye umxholo wayo wemveliso ubukhulu becala uqikelelwa ngokomgangatho yi-XRD kunye nezinye iindlela, okuyi-montmorillonite ngokwengqiqo yokwenene, enokuthi ihlangabezane neemfuno zeemveliso ze-montmorillonite kumayeza, izithambiso. , ukutya kunye namanye amashishini.I-montmorillonite echazwe kweli nqaku yimveliso ye-montmorillonite kule nqanaba.

I-Montmorillonite ingasetyenziselwa amayeza
I-Montmorillonite (i-Montmorillonite, i-Smectite) ifakwe kwi-United States i-Pharmacopoeia, i-British Pharmacopoeia kunye ne-European Pharmacopoeia, i-odorless, i-earth kancinane, ayicaphukiyo, ayinamphumo kwiinkqubo ze-nervous, ukuphefumla kunye ne-cardiovascular system, kunye ne-adsorption enhle, amandla okutshintsha indawo kunye namanzi. Ukufunxa kunye nokwandisa amandla, isiphumo esihle se-adsorption kwi-Escherichia coli, i-Vibrio cholerae, i-Campylobacter jejuni, i-Staphylococcus aureus kunye ne-rotavirus kunye neetyuwa ze-bile, kwaye inefuthe elisisigxina kwi-toxins yebhaktheriya.I-Antidiarrheal ikhawuleza, ngoko ukulungiswa kwayo kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiiklinikhi.Ukongeza kumalungiselelo, ii-API ze-montmorillonite zikwasetyenziswa kwi-synthesis yeziyobisi kunye nanjengezinto ezincedisayo kumalungiselelo okukhululwa okuqhubekayo.

IMontmorillonite ingasetyenziswa kunyango lwezilwanyana kunye nempilo yezilwanyana
I-Montmorillonite isetyenziselwa ukulima kwezilwanyana, imveliso kufuneka ihlanjululwe, kufuneka izimisele ukuba ayinayo ityhefu (i-arsenic, i-mercury, i-lead, i-ashlenite ayidluli umgangatho), naluphi na ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-bentonite ore ekrwada kwiziyobisi kuya kubangela ingozi kwimfuyo. .
IMontmorillonite isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuzaleni izilwanyana, kwaye iindawo zayo ezishushu ziphantse zonke zigxile ekukhuseleni amathumbu kunye norhudo, ukususwa kokungunda kokutya, ukopha kunye nokuchasana nokudumba, kunye nokugcinwa kocingo.

I-Montmorillonite inokusetyenziswa kwizinto zokuthambisa
I-Montmorillonite inokususa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ifunxe i-makeup eshiyekileyo, ukungcola kokungcola kunye neoyile engaphezulu kwimigca yolusu, kwaye ibhengeze ioyile egqithisileyo, ikhuphe, ikhawulezise ukuchithwa kweeseli ezindala ezifileyo, iguqule iipores ezigqithisileyo, ikhanyise i-melanocytes, kwaye iphucule ithoni yesikhumba.

I-Montmorillonite ingasetyenziselwa ukulima i-crystal shrimp, inokucoca amanzi, ayiyi kutshintsha ixabiso le-pH yamanzi, ibonelele ngezondlo zamaminerali, inefuthe elimhlophe kwi-crystal shrimp, kwaye iyimfuneko yokunyusa i-crystal shrimp.

I-Montmorillonite isetyenziselwa ukongeza ukutya kunye ne-emulsifier ekudleni, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa njengokutya kokunciphisa umzimba;Inokwenza ijusi yeziqhamo kunye nejusi yeswekile icace kwaye yandise;Ithambisa amanzi aqinileyo.Ingasetyenziswa njengesongezo semifuno, ithatha indawo yezongezo zemveli eziguqulwa zizilwanyana ezifana neprotein kunye negelatin.

IMontmorillonite inokusetyenziswa njengesicacisi sewayini, i-nano montmorillonite ine-adsorption enkulu yomphezulu kwaye i-interlayer ineempawu zentlawulo engalunganga esisigxina, inokuthengisa ngokufanelekileyo iiproteni, ii-macromolecular pigments kunye namanye amasuntswana e-colloidal ahlaziywe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye avelise i-agglomeration, ingasetyenziselwa njengewayini. , iwayini yeziqhamo, ijusi yeziqhamo, isosi yesoya, iviniga, iwayini yerayisi kunye nezinye iimveliso zotywala ukucaciswa kunye nonyango lokuzinzisa.Iziphumo zovavanyo: i-nanomontmorillonite ayitshintshi inkangeleko, umbala, incasa kunye nezinye iimpawu zewayini, iwayini yeziqhamo kunye nezinye iziselo, kwaye zinokwahlulwa ngokwendalo ngokutshona ngenxa yomlinganiselo onganyibilikiyo namanzi.

Inkqubo yesicelo: yongeza i-nano-montmorillonite i-clarifier yewayini ukuya kumaxesha angama-3-6 umthamo wamanzi ukudumba ngokupheleleyo, ugxobhoze ube ludaka, uze wongeze kwiwayini ephathwayo kunye nezinye iimveliso ezivuselelwe kwaye zisasazwe ngokulinganayo, kwaye ekugqibeleni ucofe ukuze ufumane umzimba wewayini ecacileyo kwaye umenyezelayo.

I-Nano montmorillonite i-wine clarifier isetyenziselwe ukucaciswa kwewayini ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50, ekhuseleke kakhulu kwaye ethembekileyo, kwaye inefuthe elincedisayo ekuthinteleni nasekulawuleni "inkunkuma yentsimbi" kunye "nomdaka" wewayini.

2. I-bentonite ye-Organic

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-organic bentonite (i-amination) ifunyenwe ngokugubungela i-sodium-based bentonite kunye ne-organic amine salts.

I-bentonite ye-Organic isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-inki yepeyinti, ukugaya ioli, i-polymer esebenzayo yokuzalisa kunye nezinye iindawo.

I-bentonite ye-Organic yi-agent esebenzayo ye-gelling ye-organic liquids.Ukongeza inani elikhulu le-bentonite ye-organic kwi-liquid organic system iya kuchaphazela kakhulu i-rheology yayo, ukunyuka kwe-viscosity, utshintsho lwe-fluidity, kwaye inkqubo iba yi-thixotropic.I-bentonite ye-Organic isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipende, ii-inki zokuprinta, i-lubricant, izimonyo kunye namanye amacandelo amaninzi oshishino ukulawula i-viscosity kunye nokuhamba, ukwenza imveliso ibe lula, ukuzinza kokugcinwa kunye nokusebenza okungcono.Kwi-epoxy resin, i-phenolic resin, i-asphalt kunye nezinye ii-resin zokwenziwa kunye ne-Fe, Pb, Zn kunye nolunye uluhlu lwepeyinti ye-pigment, inokusetyenziswa njenge-anti-settlement encedisayo, enekhono lokuthintela i-pigment agglomeration ephantsi, ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukuqina kwe-coating. , njl.Ukusetyenziswa kwii-inki ezisekelwe kwi-solvent zingasetyenziswa njengezongezo ezityebisayo ukulungisa i-viscosity kunye nokuhambelana kwee-inki, ukuthintela ukusasazwa kwe-inki, kunye nokuphucula i-thixotropy.

I-bentonite ye-Organic isetyenziselwa ukugaya ioli kwaye ingasetyenziselwa udaka olusekelwe kwioli kunye nesongezo sokwandisa ukuhambelana nodaka, ukuphucula ukusabalalisa udaka kunye nokumiswa.

I-bentonite ye-Organic isetyenziswa njenge-filler yerabha kunye nezinye iimveliso zeplastiki ezifana namatayara kunye namaphepha erabha.I-bentonite ye-Organic isetyenziswe njenge-rubber filler, eyona teknoloji entsha kwiminyaka yamashumi asibhozo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-CIS yangaphambili, e-United States, e-United Kingdom nakwamanye amazwe.Emva kweminyaka emithathu yophando kunye nophuhliso, iziko lophando leJilin Chemical Industry Company liye laphuhlisa ngempumelelo indlela yobugcisa yokuvelisa i-organic bentonite (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-bentonite eguquliweyo) yerabha.Iimveliso zizanywa Huadian , Jilin, Changchun, Jihua kunye nezinye iifektri zamatayara, kwaye umphumo uyamangalisa, kungekhona nje ubomi benkonzo yamavili ongeziweyo, kodwa neendleko zokuvelisa itayara ziyancipha kakhulu.I-bentonite ye-Organic yerabha (i-bentonite elungisiweyo) iye yamkelwa kwaye yamkelwa ngamashishini erabha, kwaye amandla emarike makhulu.

I-Nanoscale organic bentonite isetyenziselwa ukuguqulwa kwe-nano yeeplastiki ezifana neyiloni, i-polyester, i-polyolefin (i-ethylene, i-propylene, i-styrene, i-vinyl chloride) kunye ne-epoxy resin ukuphucula ukumelana nokushisa kwayo, amandla, ukuxhatshazwa kokugqoka, umqobo wegesi kunye nobunzima obuthile.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-nano-scale organic bentonite kwi-rubber isetyenziselwa ukuguqulwa kwe-nano-modification yeemveliso zerabha, ukuphucula ukunyanzeliswa komoya wayo, ukukhanga okusisigxina kunye nokuxhatshazwa kokugqoka, ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukuchasana kwemozulu kunye nokuchasana kweekhemikhali.I-polyurethane elastomer/montmorillonite nanocomposites kunye ne-EPDM/montmorillonite nanocomposites ziye zafundwa kakuhle.

I-Nano-scale organic bentonite/polymer masterbatch (umxube olungisiweyo kwaye uhlakazeke ngokulula) unokwenziwa kwi-nano-scale organic bentonite/polymer masterbatch (eguquliwe kwaye ihlakazeke ngokulula), kunye ne-nano-scale organic bentonite/polymer masterbatch inokudityaniswa nerabha okanye i-elastomer. ukulungiselela i-nano-bentonite composite thermoplastic elastomer, enokukhawuleza ukuphuhliswa kwe-nano-thermoplastic elastomer.

3. I-bentonite emhlophe ephezulu

I-bentonite emhlophe ephezulu yi-sodium ecocekileyo (i-calcium) esekelwe kwi-bentonite enobuncinci ubuncinane be-80 okanye ngaphezulu.Izinzuzo eziphezulu ze-bentonite ezimhlophe kumhlophe kwaye zithandwa kwiinkalo ezininzi ezifana neemveliso zemichiza yemihla ngemihla, i-ceramics, i-papermaking, kunye neengubo.

Iimveliso zemichiza yemihla ngemihla: i-bentonite ephezulu emhlophe kwisepha, i-powder yokuhlamba, i-detergent njenge-softener yelaphu, i-softener, ifunxa ukungcola okunyibilikayo, ukuthintela ukuqokelelwa kwee-crusts kunye nentsalela phezu kwengubo, ukunciphisa ukubekwa kwe-zeolite kwilaphu;Iyakwazi ukugcina ukungcola kunye nezinye iincinci kwi-fluid medium ekumisweni;I-Adsorbs ioyile kunye nobunye ukungcola, kwaye inokuphinda idibanise iibhaktheriya.Isetyenziswa njenge-gelling agent kwi-toothpaste kunye ne-cosmetics, kwaye ingathatha indawo ye-thickener kunye ne-thixotropic agent ye-toothpaste ephuma kumazwe angaphandle--- synthetic magnesium aluminium silicate.Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba i-bentonite yamazinyo ephezulu emhlophe enomxholo we-montmorillonite> 97% kunye nobumhlophe be-82 bubuthathaka kwaye buthe ngqo, i-viscosity ye-tensile ye-paste yi-21mm, kwaye i-paste ine-gloss enhle emva kokuzaliswa.Emva kweenyanga ezi-3 zokubekwa ngokuqhubekayo kwiqondo lobushushu obuphezulu obungama-degrees angama-50, intlama iyachithwa, umbala awutshintshwanga, intlama yamazinyo incangathi, akukho granulation kunye nomlomo owomileyo, kwaye ityhubhu ye-aluminium ayidleki ngokupheleleyo, kwaye umphezulu wentlama ugudileyo kwaye uthambile.Emva kweenyanga ezi-5 zobushushu obuphezulu kunye neenyanga ezi-7 zokujongwa kunye nokuhlolwa kweqondo lokushisa kwegumbi, intlama yamazinyo idibana nomgangatho omtsha wokuxutywa kwamazinyo, kwaye ingasetyenziswa njengezinto ezikrwada zokuxutywa kwamazinyo.

I-Ceramics: I-bentonite emhlophe isetyenziswe njengesizaliso seplastiki kwi-ceramics, ngakumbi kwiimveliso ezifuna ubumhlophe obuphezulu emva kokucoca.Iimpawu zayo ze-rheological kunye nokwandiswa kwazo zinika i-ceramic paste plasticity kunye nokwandisa amandla, ngelixa uzinzisa ukumiswa kwamanzi kwi-paste, ngelixa ukunamathela kwayo okomileyo kunika amandla aphezulu okubopha kunye nokugoba ukugoba kwimveliso eyosiweyo.Kwi-ceramic glazes, i-bentonite emhlophe iphinda isetyenziswe njengeplastiki kunye ne-thickener, inika amandla, iplastiki kunye nokunamathela okuphezulu kwi-glaze kunye nenkxaso, ukuthanda ibhola yokugaya.

• Ukwenziwa kwephepha: Kwishishini lephepha, i-bentonite emhlophe ingasetyenziswa njenge-multifunctional white mineral filler.
• I-Coating: umlawuli we-viscous kunye ne-white mineral filler kwi-coating, enokuthi ithathe indawo ye-titanium dioxide ngokuyinxenye okanye ngokupheleleyo.
• Isilungisi sesitatshi: yenza ugcino uzinzo kwaye usebenzise ukusebenza ngcono.
• Ukongezelela, i-bentonite emhlophe ingasetyenziselwa ukunamathela kwizinga eliphezulu, iipolymers, iipende.

4. Udongwe lwegranular

Udongwe lwegranular lwenziwe ngodongwe olusebenzayo njengeyona nto iphambili ekrwada ngonyango lwekhemikhali, imbonakalo ayibunjwanga yigranular encinci, inommandla othile ongaphezulu kunodongwe olusebenzayo, inomthamo omkhulu we-adsorption, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kushishino lwepetrochemical ukuhlanjululwa kwevumba elimnandi, i-aviation kerosene. ukucokisa, i-oyile yamaminerali, i-oyile yezilwanyana kunye nemifuno, i-wax kunye ne-organic liquid decolorization yokusulungekisa, ekwasetyenziselwa ukuthambisa i-oyile, i-oyile yesiseko, i-diesel kunye nokunye ukucocwa kweoli, ukususa i-olefins eseleyo, i-gum, i-asphalt, i-alkaline nitride kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kwioli.

Udongwe lwe-Granular lunokusetyenziswa njenge-desiccant yokufuma, i-alkali detoxifier yangaphakathi yeziyobisi, i-vitamin A, i-adsorbent ye-B, i-oyile yokuthambisa i-arhente yoqhagamshelwano, i-petroli umphunga wesigaba sokulungiselela i-essence, njl. i-catalyst kunye ne-agent ye-polymerization yobushushu obuphezulu.

Okwangoku, i-non-toxic, i-non-entrainment, i-oyile encinci yokufunxa, kunye nodongwe lwe-granular olungasetyenziselwa ukuchithwa kwe-oyile edliwayo kunye nokusulungekiswa yindawo eshushu efunwayo.